Kidney Stones, Causes and Prevention

Back pain occurs when the rock entered obstruction in the kidney. Meanwhile, severe pain in the abdomen occurs when the stone had been moved into the ureter. Nausea and vomiting are always following the severe pain. Kidney stone patients sometimes also experience fever, chills, blood in the urine of stone if injure the ureter, abdominal distention, pus in the urine.

IN medical terms, kidney stones or renal calculi Nephrolithiasis called. Kidney stones are a condition there is one or more stones in the pelvis or calyces of the kidney or ureter at the channel. The formation of kidney stones can occur in any part of the urinary tract, but is usually formed in two parts most of the kidney, namely in tubs kidney (renal pelvis) and the renal calix. Stone can be formed from calcium, phosphate, or a combination of uric acid is usually dissolved in the urine.

Kidney stones vary in size, can be either single or double. The stones stay in kidney tubs or to enter into the ureters and can destroy kidney tissue. Large stone will damage the tissue by pressure or cause an obstruction, resulting in back flow of fluid. Most kidney stones can occur repeatedly.

What causes them? Kidney stones are found in 1 in 1,000 people, usually more prevalent in men (aged 30-50 years) than women. Also encountered in certain areas. Although no definite known cause of kidney stones, chances are when the urine becomes too concentrated and substances in urine form crystals in the rock. Other causes are infection, obstruction, excess secretion of parathyroid hormone, in renal tubular acidosis, elevated levels of uric acid (usually in conjunction with inflammation of the joints), damage to the metabolism of several types of materials in the body, too much use of vitamin D or consuming too much calcium .

Symptom
Although stone size and location vary, the pain caused by obsruksi is the main symptom. Large stone with a rough surface that comes into the ureter will increase the frequency and force of contraction ureter automatically. The pain starts from the waist down to the hips, then to the external genitalia. The intensity of the pain and the pain fluctuated extraordinary is the peak of pain. If kidney stones are in tubs and in the calix, the pain settled and less intensity. Back pain occurs when the rock entered obstruction in the kidney. Meanwhile, severe pain in the abdomen occurs when the stone had been moved into the ureter. Nausea and vomiting are always following the severe pain. Kidney stone patients sometimes also experience fever, chills, blood in the urine of stone if injure the ureter, abdominal distention, pus in the urine.

How is the diagnosis? The doctor will ask for symptoms, then perform the following tests:
1.Foto X-ray of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder to indicate the presence of kidney stones.
2.Ultrasound kidney, is a noninvasive test that uses high frequency waves to detect obstruction and its changes.
3.Pemberian intravenous dyes and scan to confirm diagnosis and determine the size and location of kidney stones.
4.Analisis stone to find minerals.
5.Analisis urine culture to show the type of bacteria causing the infection, and others.

Preventing and treating
How is the treatment? Because 90% of kidney stones less than 5 mm in diameter, is usually sufficient given the cooking water from the plant Desmodium stryracifulium and made to drink 6-8 glasses of water per day, given antibiotics to prevent infection, and pain-reducing medication. In general, the stone will come out within 5-10 days.

If the stone is too large to be removed naturally, surgery can be done. If the stones are in the ureter, cystoscopy can be used through the urethra and the catheter manipulated stones. Expenditures stone from other areas (in calix and pelvis) require the operation of the side or lower abdomen. Procedure called percutaneus ultrasonic lithotripsy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy to break up kidney stones into tiny fragments, so it can be expelled naturally or by suction.

For the prevention of kidney stones, drinking boiled water should plant Desmodium stryracifolium, or encouraged to eat less calcium, was given medication to prevent uric acid stone formation, and vitamin C which give the acidity of the urine. If the parathyroid glands also include the cause, doctors will recommend actions paratiroidektomi (parathyroid glands removed).

Prognosis: Kidney stones often cause symptoms of extreme pain, but usually after being sent does not cause permanent damage. It is often relapse, especially when no cause is found and treated.

Complications:
1. Kidney stones recur.
2. Urinary tract infection.
3. Blockage of the ureter.
4. Partial damage of kidney tissue.
5. Decreased or loss of kidney function is affected.